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Veterinary surgery
Veterinary surgery is surgery performed on animals by veterinarians, whereby the procedures fall into three broad categories: orthopaedics (bones, joints, muscles), soft tissue surgery (skin, body cavities, cardiovascular system, GI/urogenital/respiratory tracts), and neurosurgery. Advanced surgical procedures such as joint replacement (total hip, knee and elbow replacement), fracture repair, stabilization of cranial cruciate ligament deficiency, oncologic (cancer) surgery, herniated disc treatment, complicated gastrointestinal or urogenital procedures, kidney transplant, skin grafts, complicated wound management, minimally invasive procedures (arthroscopy, laparoscopy, thoracoscopy), etc. are performed by Veterinary Surgeons
(as registered in their jurisdiction). Most general practice veterinarians perform routine surgery ((spay and castration), minor mass excisions, etc. ), some also perform additional procedures.
The goal of veterinary surgery may be quite different in pets and in farm animals. In the former, situation is a bit like in human beings, and more and more complex operations are performed, with sophisticated anaesthesia techniques. In the latter, the cost of the operation must not exceed the economic benefit in surgically treating the illness.
==Specialization in surgery==
In the United States, Canada and Europe, veterinary surgery is one of 20 veterinary specialties recognized by the American Veterinary Medical Association〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Veterinary Specialty Organizations )〕 respectively the European Board of Veterinary Specialisation.〔(EBVS Website )〕 Those wishing to become board certified must undergo a one-year clinical internship program followed by three years of intensive training in a residency program under direct supervision of Board Certified Veterinary Surgeons, including performance of a large number of surgical procedures in such categories as abdominal surgery, surgical treatment of angular limb deformities, arthroscopic surgery, surgery of the foot, fracture fixation, ophthalmic surgery, urogenital surgery, and upper respiratory surgery, etc. Once the minimum requirements of training are met residents are required to pass a rigorous certification examination before being admitted as members (Diplomates) of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons〔(ACVS Residency Program )〕 or European College of Veterinary Surgeons〔(ECVS Website )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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